A flexible modular neural interface for investigating functional connectivity between deep brain structures and the cerebral cortex

초록

Understanding the connectivity between deep brain structures and the cerebral cortex is crucial for unraveling complex brain functions. However, existing neural interfaces are mostly limited to studying connections within either deep brain regions or the cortex. Herein, we present a flexible modular neural interface in which multiple modules comprising a flexible neural probe, an optical fiber, and a micro-needle for drug delivery can be integrated. This enables precise stimulation of various deep brain regions and simultaneous cortical signal measurements in response to various stimuli. The system enables the flexible positioning of modules at different depths, thereby supporting EEG signal recording and providing versatile targeting and modulation of neural circuits. The interface facilitates detailed investigations into functional connectivity by enabling localized stimulation while capturing neural activity from both deep brain structures and cortical areas. The results of validation experiments indicate that the system effectively induced epileptic-like signals in the cortex of anesthetized mice through deep brain stimulation and enabled measurement thereof. In addition, localized intracerebral drug delivery produces clear modulation of cortical EEG signals, demonstrating effective multimodal integration under physiological conditions. This adaptable modular design offers significant potential for expanding research into neural mechanisms and probing interactions between deep brain structures and the cortex with high precision.

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